Written by: Hurmat Majid
Posted on: March 05, 2025 | 
| 中文
Nusrat Fatah Ali Khan
The Qawwali tradition, deeply rooted in the spiritual and cultural fabric of South Asia, stands as one of Pakistan's most cherished and celebrated art forms. At its heart lies an unparalleled expression of devotion, longing and divine connection, masterfully conveyed through music and poetry. Among the many luminaries who have contributed to its global renown, none shines brighter than Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, a name synonymous with the soul of qawwali.
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was more than just a qawwal; he was a phenomenon who transcended borders and languages, elevating qawwali to international heights. His powerful voice, unmatched vocal dexterity, and deep emotional resonance earned him the title of "Shahenshah-e-Qawwali" (King of Qawwali). Whether performing traditional Sufi compositions or experimenting with fusion music alongside Western artists like Peter Gabriel, Nusrat's work was transformative. He opened the doors of qawwali to the global stage, proving its universal appeal and spiritual depth. Songs like Dum Mast Qalandar, Afreen Afreen, and Tumhe Dillagi remain timeless masterpieces, cherished not just in Pakistan but across the world.
Another towering figure in the world of qawwali was Aziz Mian, whose approach to the craft was distinct and deeply personal. Known for his fiery performances and emotionally charged delivery, Aziz Mian stood apart for his ability to connect with his audience on a profoundly spiritual level. In an interview, he once said, "Qawwali is not just music; it is a connection to the divine, a journey of the soul through the power of words and melody." This philosophy was evident in his method, where he would surrender himself entirely to the moment on stage, channeling what he described as divine inspiration. Aziz Mian often mixed verses of classical poetry with his own improvised lines, creating unique stanzas that felt both spontaneous and eternal. His iconic performances of Teri Soorat and Allah Hi Jane Kaun Bashar Hai are remembered as much for their raw passion as for their poetic brilliance. He was a qawwal who embodied the ecstatic essence of the tradition, using his voice as a medium to reach the divine.
Aziz Mian Qawwal with his group.
Amjad Sabri, another beloved figure in the lineage of qawwali, carried forward the legacy of his father, Ghulam Farid Sabri, and the iconic Sabri Brothers. Known for his soulful renditions and magnetic stage presence, Amjad Sabri kept the tradition alive for contemporary audiences while maintaining its spiritual integrity. Tragically, his life was cut short in 2016 when he was assassinated in Karachi, an event that sent shockwaves through the country and beyond. Despite his untimely death, Amjad Sabri's legacy endures through his timeless performances of classics like Bhar Do Jholi and Tajdar-e-Haram, which continue to inspire generations of qawwali enthusiasts.
A very young Amjad Sabri seated between his father, Ghulam Farid Sabri, and uncle, Maqbool Ahmed Sabri.
Among the most revered practitioners of qawwali today are Fareed Ayaz and Abu Muhammad, who hail from the Qawwal Bachon Ka Gharana, a lineage tracing back over 700 years. This family has been the custodians of the tradition, preserving its authenticity while adapting it to modern sensibilities. Fareed Ayaz, in particular, is known for his profound understanding of classical ragas and his ability to seamlessly blend them into qawwali compositions. In his own words, "When I sing Qawwali, I feel that I am flying in the skies." Together with Abu Muhammad, he has kept the flame of this ancient art burning brightly in Karachi, captivating audiences with their deeply spiritual performances and intricate vocal interplay.
Fareed Ayaz and Abu Muhammad
Qawwali, over the centuries, has undergone significant evolution. While it remains rooted in the Sufi tradition, modern qawwali has embraced new elements that reflect the changing times. From Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's collaborations with Western musicians to contemporary artists incorporating modern instruments and digital platforms, qawwali has found innovative ways to remain relevant. Yet, despite these changes, its essence, a dialogue of love, surrender and spirituality, remains unchanged.
Zain and Zohaib
Encouragingly, qawwali is witnessing a resurgence among the youth, who are rediscovering its beauty and significance. Young qawwals like Zain and Zohaib, nephews of Amjad Sabri, are at the forefront of this revival. They have embraced their rich heritage while infusing their performances with a youthful energy that appeals to contemporary audiences. Alongside them, artists like Rizwan-Muazzam and Humnawa have taken up the mantle, ensuring that qawwali continues to inspire and resonate with new generations.
Rizwan-Muazzam duo
This revival is not just limited to Pakistan; globally, qawwali is finding a new audience as listeners seek solace and connection in its profound spirituality. Whether performed in shrines, concert halls or digital platforms, qawwali’s timeless message of love and unity continues to transcend cultural and geographical boundaries.
In the rich tapestry of Pakistan’s cultural heritage, qawwali stands as a vibrant thread, weaving together tradition, devotion and artistry. From the towering legacy of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan to the fiery passion of Aziz Mian, the enduring lineage of Fareed Ayaz and Abu Muhammad, and the promising future shaped by young qawwals, qawwali remains an indelible part of the nation’s soul. It is not just music, it is a sacred journey that continues to inspire, heal and unite.
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